What are vaccines?
Vaccines are substances that enter the body at various stages in the life of the child and cause the body to make antibodies or defenses that prevent disease.
Most vaccines require multiple doses to achieve a significant amount of defenses.
Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTaP)
These three diseases are caused by bacteria that are spread through respiratory secretions of infected persons in the case of diphtheria and whooping cough and infected wounds in the case of tetanus.
Diphtheria causes a membrane in the throat that are serious breathing problems and can also affect the heart and is fatal in some cases.
Pertussis cough produces a very intense and in some cases, neurological disorders.
The DTaP vaccine is highly effective and safe way to prevent these diseases.
Children are vaccinated 2.4, and 6 months and are put booster at 18 months and 5-6 years. At these doses the person is not protected for life, so the 14 year old gets the last dose of diphtheria and tetanus should be placed every 10 years throughout adulthood.
The most common side effects include warmth, redness and pain at the site of the puncture. In rare cases can cause convulsions, inconsolable crying and fever.
The consequences of not vaccinating the child for fear of side effects pose assume a very high risk of getting sick from these infections and is more serious adverse effects (including death) to those that occur with vaccination.
Polio
The poliovirus (polio) causes paralysis that can permanently disable or kill individual. This virus is transmitted through the feces of infected people. In the aftermath can cause limb paralysis and breathing problems. In developed countries, polio is eradicated.
In Spain, get 5 doses of polio vaccine: at 2, 4, 6 and 18 months and I remember last 4-6 years.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis is an infection and inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis B. Acute infection of the virus causes loss of appetite, stomach pain, jaundice and vomiting. The biggest problem of hepatitis is the acute phase but the problems that can occur over time, when a chronic hepatitis can cause cirrhosis, liver cancer and death.
The disease is spread through contact with blood and other body fluids of an infected person. In the case of transmission can be children during pregnancy.
The vaccination schedule in healthy children is done at the 2.4 and 6 months.
Haemophilus influenzae (Hib)
It is a bacterium that causes serious infections in children under 5 years as epiglottitis, otitis, meningitis or pneumonia. The bacterium enters through the mouth and infects the child. Infections can cause serious sequelae occur in children.
Vaccination consists of four doses: 2.4 and 6 months and a booster dose at 18 months.
Co-administered with vaccines: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio. Also be given by the Hepatitis B vaccine and the combination of these six vaccines are what are called hexavalent vaccines. Such vaccines are as effective and safe as them separately, with the advantage that you only need a puncture.
Meningococcal Group C
Meningococcus is a bacterium that can cause serious infections in children and adults: meningitis and sepsis. The bacterium enters through the mouth or nose and then infect the individual. Vaccination is very safe and effective.
The vaccine is a vaccine conjugate (MCC) which consists of a part of meningogoco C. It should get three doses: 2.4 and 6 months. The vaccine is administered in combination with other vaccines. It is advisable to vaccinate all young people under 20 years (over 11 months not previously vaccinated only needed one dose).
Measles, Mumps and Rubella: MMR vaccine
Are viral infections that affect mainly the children. The three are spread by air with secretions that are expelled by coughing or speaking.
Measles causes a fever and a rash all over his body and coughing. Sometimes it can be complicated to produce pneumonia and encephalitis (infection of the central nervous system).
Rubella causes a mild illness with fever and rash and can be accompanied by adenopathies (lymph) in the neck. The severity of this disease is that if you get a pregnant woman may experience severe fetal malformations.
Mumps causes inflammation of the parotid glands (glands that produce saliva) and causes excruciating pain. May be complicated by meningitis.
The three virus vaccine is the MMR. The first dose is given between 12 and 15 months and again between 3 and 6 years.
As most common side effect is the appearance of fever a week after vaccination.
Pneumococcus
It is a bacterium that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, ear infections or sepsis, especially in children under 5 years. Pneumococcus is commonly found in the nose and throat of healthy children and adults infected, and unknown.
The vaccine is a conjugate vaccine serotypes of pneumococcus several (most aggressive) and should be administered to 2.4 and 6 months and a fourth booster dose between 18 and 24 months.
Chickenpox
It is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster and 90% of children pass before age 15. This is usually a mild illness but can be complicated sometimes causing central nervous system infection and pneumonia.
Chickenpox is the appearance of very itchy vesicles and whole body. Fever may occur.
The vaccine is given between 12 and 15 months. If the vaccine to those over 13 years need two doses separated by 6-8 weeks.
Side effects of the vaccine may lead to a mild chickenpox. The incidence of shingles is the same as after natural infection
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